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Favored
Holding Spots of Trout in a Typical Section of River

Trout often hold and feed in identifiable parts of a stream:


1. In riffles and shallows, especially during insect hatches.

2. In front of boulders, where the water speed in front is slowed by the rock behind. This is a popular spot during heavy hatches.

3. Along banks where the current is slower and terrestrial insects fall in.

4. Behind boulders that offer protection from the current.

5. In drop-offs between riffles and the heads of run that offer protection from the current and a steady supply of food.

6. Behind submerged boulders or other protective pockets
Favored Holding Spots
7. In front of surface obstructions that can trap good insects.

8. Behind logs that offer protection and possible ants.

9. At the floor of runs where the water is slower and food is plentiful.

10. In quiet holding pockets between subsurface rock ledges.

11. In back eddies where the current is slower and where insects tend to collect.

12. In seams between slow and faster water where the current isn’t too strong and food passes nearby.

13. At the bottom of a deep pool.

14. In the shade of an overhanging streamside tree protected from view.

15. In and around weed beds that offer food and protection from the current.

16. In gravel bar shallows in late evening.

17. In the tail of a run where the current is slower.

18. Under or inside undercut banks.

                  
Looking at the illustration, you begin to realize all the fish shown have one thing in common. All the fish are facing the same direction. That direction is upstream, or into the current. Fish that would face downstream would all eventually end up all the way downstream. As in the ocean.

Fish face upstream because that is where their food comes from. Think of it as being in a dining room, and the waitress bringing you a plate of food — but the food is hanging in the air above the plate.

That is what the fish have, a moving dinner plate. The food comes to them floating on the surface of the water and they have to make the decision to take that food in a split second. Wait too long and it has floated past them. And if the fly you offer doesn’t look like the food the fish has been eating? You probably won't get the fish to take your fly.
This excerpt from Clive Schaupmeyer's The Essential Guide to Fly-Fishing